Afurika ni umwe mu migabane 7 igize isi dutuyeho kandi ni uwa kabiri mu bunini ugereranyije n’indi yose. Ni umugabane abenshi bemeza ko wuzuyeho ibintu by’abayobera ndetse bitangaje ariko kandi hanaboneka n’ababifiteho ubumenyi ugasanga ntibabyitaho. Ni umugabane wibitseho ubukungu karemano ariko nyamara abaturage bawo ntibasiba gutaka ubukene dore ko nabagize ngo batere intambwe usanga ibyakabateje imbere birigiswa n’abitwa ababayobora rimwe na rimwe baba banagiye ku butegetsi mu nzira zififitse.

Afurika ni umugabane kandi waranzwe n’amateka atandukanye arimo Ubukoloni, Ubucakara, Intambara z’urudaca, indwara z’ibyorezo,… ibi bituma buri gihugu kigira amateka yacyo kihariye rimwe na rimwe asharira, n’abayobozi bamwe na bamwe bawubarizwaho ugasanga bafata ubutegetsi ari uko isasu ribanje kuvuza ubuhuha mu matwi y’abo bakarindiye ubuzima.

Umubavu.com turakugezaho bamwe mu baperezida bayoboye ibihugu bya Afurika bafite amapeti akomeye mu gisirikare, n’ubwo bamwe muri bo bagiye baniyongereraho andi y’umurengera uko babishaka bitwaje ubutegetsi bari bafite mu biganza byabo.

1. Marshal Mobutu

Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga, amazina yiswe n’ababyeyi ni Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, yavutse ku wa 14 Ukwakira 1930, aba perezida w’icyahoze ari Zaire ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 1965, avaho 16 Gicurasi 1997.

Mobutu yize mu ishuri rya gisirikare asohoka afite ipeti rya ofisiye wa mbere (sous-officier), mu mwaka wa 1960, ubwo yari umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Guverinoma yigenga ya Patrice Lumumba. Mobutu anagendeye ku bwumvikane buke bwari mu banyapoliki, ndetse no kuba yari umusirikare ukomeye, byamufashije kuzamuka mu nzego za gisirikare agera ku ipeti rya Liyetona jenerali, agirwa umugaba mukuru w’ingabo.

Kubera ubushongore n’ubukaka yategekanye Zaire, Mobutu yaravugaga bikaba yategeka bigakorwa, byaje kurangira yiyambitse ipeti rya Marshal, rifatwa nk’irikuriye ayandi mu gisirikare. Yishwe na kanseri ku kwa 7 Nzeri 1997 aho yivurizaga muri Maroc.

2. Marshal Idi Amin

Idi Amin Dada yabaye Perezida wa Uganda, kuva mu mwaka wa 1971 kugeza 1979, uyu muperezida wiswe uw’umunyagitugu yagiye ku buyobozi ahiritse Milton Obote wanamufashije kongera ubumenyi mu bya gisirikare.

Nyuma yo kujya ku butegetsi, Idi Amin, wari ufite ipeti rya General Major yahise yizamura mu ntera maze kuva ubwo atangira kwitwa ‘Perezida w’ibihe byose, Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin Dada’ n’andi mazina menshi.

Yapfiriye muri Arabia Saoudite mu 2003 yitwa Marshal, aho yari yarahungiye nyuma yo guhirikwa ku butegetsi n’ingabo za Tanzania zifatanyije n’Abagande.

3. Marshal Bashir


Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir ni Perezida wa Sudani kuva ku wa 30 Kamena 1989, uyu mugabo yafashe ubutegetsi ari koloneli nyuma ya kudeta yakoze afatanyije n’abandi basirikare bakomeye.

Bashir yarwanye intambara z’abaturage, ku buryo yanashyiriweho impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi n’urukiko rwa ICC kubera ibyaha ashinjwa by’intambara n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu. Yizamuye mu ntera yiyambika ipeti rya Marshal.

4. Marshal: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

Abdel Fattah w’imyaka 63 y’amavuko, ni Marshal mu gisirikare cya Misiri akaba n’umugaba mukuru w’ikirenga w’ingabo, yabaye perezida kuva ku wa 8 Kamena 2004.

Sisi ni umunyapolitiki kandi w’umusirikare wize igisirikare cyo mu bitabo, mu mashuri ya gisirikare yo mu Bwongereza, Leta Zunze za Amerika,… yanabaye umuyobozi w’urwego rwa gisirikare rushinzwe ubutasi, Minisitiri w’Ingabo n’indi mirimo yagiye ashingwa mbere yo kuba Perezida.

5. Gen. Habyarimana Juvenal

Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal, wapfuye ku wa 6 Mata 1994, afite ipeti rya jenerali majoro, yabaye Perezida w’u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1973 akaba yari umwe mu basirikare ba mbere bakomeye b’u Rwanda.

Habyarimana yinjiye mu ishuri ry’aba ofisiye (Officiers) ry’i Kigali mu Ugushyingo 1960 ari kumwe n’abandi basore b’abanyarwanda 6, ari bo: Pierre Nyatanyi (Se wa Nyakwigendera Minisitiri Nyatanyi Christine), Aloys Nsekalije, Sabin Benda, Epimaque Ruhashya, Alexis Kanyarengwe na Bonaventure Ubalijoro.

Habyarimana niwe wasohotse muri iryo shuri ari uwa mbere afite nimero ya gisirikare imuranga ya mbere (matricule 001). Yabonye ipeti rya Sous-Lieutenant ku itariki ya 23 Ukuboza 1961, ubwo aba abaye umusirikare wa mbere w’umunyarwanda wo mu rwego rwa ofisiye.

Habyarimana yabaye Lieutenant tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, aba ariwe unahabwa icyubahiro cyo gufata ibendera rya mbere rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ku munsi mukuru w’ubwigenge wabaye tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962. Mu mwaka wa 1963, Juvénal Habyarimana yari afite ipeti rya Captaine.

Mu 1965 Habyarimana yabaye Minisitiri w’ingabo(Ministère de la Garde Nationale) icyo gihe yari afite ipeti rya majoro. Yaje gufata ubutegetsi mu 1973 ahiritse Kayibanda Grégoire wari inshuti ye.

6. Lt.Gen Moussa Traore

Moussa Traoré yabaye Perezida wa Mali kuva 1968 kugeza mu 1991, uyu musaza w’imyaka 81 yabaye perezida afite ipeti rya Liyetona.

Uyu munyapolitiki w’umusirikare yize ibya gisirikare mu Bufaransa asoza amasomo ye mu 1960 afite ipeti rya su-liyetona. Kugeza ubu Traoré afite ipeti rya Liyetona jenerali.

7. Lt. Gen Micombero

Michel Micombero yabaye Perezida w’u Burundi kuva mu 1966 kugera 1977, yaje gupfa mu 1983 afite imyaka 43.

Micombero yakurikiye amasomo ya gisirikare mu Bubiligi, ariko akora amateka mu gisirikare cy’u Burundi no mu karere.

Micombero yahiritse ku butegetsi Umwami Ntare V. Yakoze iyi kudeta ari Kapiteni, ahita azamuka mu ntera asimbuka ipeti rya komanda (Commandant) bagiraga mu gisirikare cyabo, asimbuka irya Major, asimbuka irya Lt Colonel, asimbuka irya Colonel, Gen Brigade, Gen Maj, ahubwo ahita afata irya Lieutenant Général, ipeti ryari rifitwe gusa icyo gihe mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari na Lt Gen.Mobutu, wari Parezida wa Zaire.).

Kuva kuri Kapiteni akaba Lt Gen byahise byemezwa n’Inama y’Igihugu y’Impinduramatwara (CNR – Conseil National de Revolution) yari igizwe n’abamufashije gukora kudeta. Micombero yavuye ku buyobozi na we akorewe kudeta na Col. Jean Baptiste Bagaza, wari wungirije Umugaba w’Ingabo.

8. Gen.François Bozizé

Mu mwaka wa 1982 yari mu ikipe y’abasirikare bagerageje guhirika ku butegetsi Perezida André Kolingba, bibananiye Bozize ahita ahunga, yagarutse mu gihugu aba umugaba mukuru w’ingabo ku buyobozi bwa perezida Ange-Félix Patassé, mu 2001 nibwo yatangiye ubunyeshyamba, aza kubasha gufata umurwa mukuru wa Bangui mu kwa gatatu 2003, afata ubutegetsi atyo ubwo Patassé yari hanze y’igihugu.

Uyu musaza w’imyaka 71, yagiye aba umuyobozi mu ngabo za Leta ndetse n’inyeshyamba kugeza ubwo afashe ubutegetsi 2003 abuvaho mu 2013, n’ipeti rya Jenerali.

9. Gen. Denis Sassou-Nguesso

Denis Sassou-Nguesso w’imyaka 74 yabaye Perezida wa Repubulika ya Congo mu 1997, akaba ari umugaba w’ikirenga w’ingabo, afite ipeti rya jenerali.

10. Maj.Gen.Mamadu Ture Kuruma

Mamadu Ture Kuruma w’imyaka 71, ni umusirikare wa Guinea Bissau, yari umuyobozi wungirije umugaba mukuru w’ingabo, akaba yari n’umuyobozi w’ingabo zahiritse ku butegetsi Perezida Raimundo Pereira .

Ubwo kudeta (Coup d’Etat) yari irangiye, Ture yabaye Perezida kuva ku wa 12 Mata 2012 yicara kuri iyi ntebe kugeza ku wa 11 Gicurasi 2012, iyi ntebe akaba yarayimazeho iminsi 29, mu gisirikare cya G.Bissau ari umusirikare ufite ipeti rya Jenerali Majoro.

@Umubavu.com

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