Ni kenshi u Rwanda rwakunze gushyirwa mu majwi muri raporo zitandukanye zagiye zikorwa n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ko rudatanga ubwisanzure, gusa ibi rwagiye rubihakana ruvuga ko izo raporo zibogamye.

Muri iyi nkuru tugiye kubagezaho incamake ya raporo ’Freedom in world 2019’, iyi ni raporo ikorwa n’Umuryango w’Abanyamerika witwa ’Freedom House’, iyo raporo ngarukamwaka igerageza kwerekana uko ubwisanzure bumeze muri buri gihugu ku isi.

Iyi raporo ikorwa ku bihugu bitandukanye ku isi ariko turibanda ku ivuga ku RWANDA gusa. Freedom in world, ni raporo ngarukamwaka ikaba ikorwa n’Umuryango utegamiye kuri leta ukorera muri Amerika witwa ’Freedom House’, uwo muryango ukaba umaze imyaka irenga mirongo ine (40) muri uyu murimo.

Muri raporo y’umwaka ushize wa 2019 ariko yasohotse muri uyu mwaka wa 2020, u Rwanda rwashyizwe mu bihugu bidatanga ubwisanzure bita ’Not Free’.

Wakwibaza uti "Ni ibiki bikubiye muri iyi raporo ya 2019? Ni byo tugiye kurebera hamwe muri iyi nkuru utapfa gusanga ahandi.

Raporo itangira ivuga ko u Rwanda ruyobowe n’ishyaka FPR riyobowe na Paul Kagame kuva 1994 by’umwihariko mu bihe bikomeye rwanyuzemo. Ivuga ko nubwo ubwo butegetsi bwatangiye kubaka igihugu no kukizamura mu bukungu nyuma y’ibihe bikomeye cyari kivuyemo, ubwo butegetsi bwubakiye ku kuzitira urubuga rwa politike, kurwanya abatavuga rumwe na leta binyuze mu kubahozaho ijisho kubatera ubwoba, kubafunga ndetse no kubica.

Iyi raporo igaruka ivuga ku bintu bitatu by’ingenzi byagaragaye mu mwaka wa 2019:

Icya mbere: Baravuga ko nubwo byagaragaye ko igitutu cyagabanijwe ku mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu 2018, Guverinoma yakomeje ibikorwa byo gukandamiza mu mwaka wa 2019. Nibura abantu babiri batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi barishwe mu bwicanyi bugaragara, umwe arabura/aburirwa irengero.

Icya Kabiri: Muri Mata n’Ukwakira, Perezida yababariye abagore barenga 400 bari bafunzwe bazira uruhare mu gukuramo inda mu buryo butemewe.

Icya Gatatu: Muri Nzeri, abasenateri bashya 20 batoranijwe binyuze mu matora ataziguye no gushyirwaho na Perezida. Abari ku butegetsi basigaye bagombaga gusimburwa muri 2020.

Mu bindi kandi kuva mu kwezi kwa Kabiri muri uwo mwaka wa 2018, leta yafunze insengero nyinshi hamwe n’imisigiti imwe n’imwe kugira ngo ibashe kugenzura ibikorwa by’Iyobokamana.

Iyi raporo ikavuga ko igitutu ku batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi cyagabanutse gato mu mwaka 2018 ubwo Perezida Kagame yarekuraga imvungwa zirimo nka Madamu Victoire Ingabire washakaga kwiyamamariza kuba Perezida wa Repuburika mu matora yo mu 2010.

Raporo ikomeza ivuga ko muri uwo mwaka, Urukiko Rukuru rwarekuye undi utavuga rumwe na leta akaba Diane Rwigara hamwe na Mama we Adeline Rwigara barekuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Repuburika nyuma yuko na we yashatse kwiyamamariza umwanya wa Perezida wa Repuburika mu matora yo mu 2017.

Ibi byaje kumuviramo no gufunga ndetse n’abamufashije gukusanya imikono (signatures) yari akeneye ya ngombwa kugira ngo Kandidatire ye yemerwe, bamwe bagiriwe nabi abandi baburirwa irengero, nguko uko iyi raporo ikomeza ibivuga.

iyi raporo ikomeza ivuga ko kuba abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi barekurwa, ari ingamba zafashwe kugira ngo u Rwanda rugaragare neza maze bizahe amahirwe Madame Louise MUSHIKIWABO wari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga muri icyo gihe yiyamamarizaga kuba Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa OIF, Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Ururimi ry’Igifaransa (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie), umwanya yaje no guhabwa.

Rapora ikavuga ko kimwe mu byemeza ko atari ukubafungura byeruye, ari amagambo Perezida wa Repubulika yavugiye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko nyuma yaho Madamu Ingabire Victoire atangiye ikiganiro ko atigeze asaba imbabazi, nuko Perezida wa Repuburika avuga ko azisanga yasubiye muri gereza akomeje atyo.

Ikindi iyi raporo ivuga ku rubuga rwa politike n’ubwisanzure mu Rwanda. U Rwanda rukaba rwarabonye amanota 9/40 rukaba rwariyongereyeho inota 1 ugereranyije na raporo y’umwaka wa 2018.

Ku kibazo kirebana n’uko abayobozi b’u Rwanda batowe mu buryo bunoze cyangwa buha amahirwe buri wese kandi binyuze mu matora, raporo ibisesengura mu byiciro bikurikira;

- Ku matora y’umukuru w’igihugu, iyi raporo itanga amanota 0/4, raporo igaruka ku kuba Perezida Kagame yarahinduye Itegeko Nshinga ritamwemereraga kongera kwiyamamaza none akaba yarabonye manda y’imyaka iridwi ikurikirwa n’indi manda y’imyaka itanu inshuro ebyiri, bivuga ko ashobora kuba Perezida kugeza 2034.

Raporo igakomeza inenga amatora ya 2017 aho Perezida Kagame yihaye amajwi 98,8, utundi duce dusigaye tugahabwa Mpayimana na Dr Frank Habineza biyamamaje.

Raporo igakomeza ivuga ko aya matora yabayemo uburiganya burimo kwiyandikisha ku marisiti mu buryo butubahirije n’amategegeko hamwe n’uburiganya mu kubarura amajwi.

Iyi raporo igaruka ku rugomo komisiyo y’amatora yakoreye abakandida bifuzaga kwiyamamaza barimo Diane Rwigara wangiwe kwiyamamazaga bavuga ko imikono yakusanyije ituzuye, hanyuma iyi raporo ikanagaruka ku kuba abantu benshi barajyanwaga muri mitingi za FPR ku ngufu.

–  Ku birebana n’amatora y’Abadepite, raporo itanga inota 1/4, ku birebana na Sena raporo ivuga ko imyanya 12 muri Sena itorerwa, umunani ishyirwaho na Perezida wa Repuburika, 4 igashyirwaho na Forumu y’amashyaka naho 2 y’abahagarariye Kaminuza bose bagatorerwa manda yimyaka 8, mu gihe mu Nteko y’Abadepite ku myanya 80, 53 iratorerwa 24 igashyirwaho hanyuma indi 2 ikagabanywa, 1 uhagarariye urubyiruko undi 1 uhagarariye abafite ubumuga.

Rapro ikagaruka ivuga ko FPR yihariye imyanya yose 40 ku myanya 53 itorerwa gusa igashima ko hinjiyemo ishyaka Green Party ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ryahawe imyanya 2 hanyuma indi myanya igahabwa amashyaka yegamiye kuri FPR.

– Ku birebana niba amategeko ashyirwaho guha amahirwe bose kandi agashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo butabogamye, raporo itanga inota 1/4, kuri iyi ngingo raporo yasanze uburyo amategeko arebana na Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’amatora abogamye cyane nyuma bakabishyira mu nzira y’abashaka kwiyamamaza iyo bari muri Opozisiyo, uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha ku marisite y’amatora ndetse no kubarura amajwi ndetse ikanongeraho ingorane ibinyamakuru bihura na zo iyo bagerageje kwegera Opozisiyo bashaka amakuru.

Aha raporo igaruka ku buryo bimwe mu bikubiye mu Itegeko Nshinga rishya ryahinduwe mu 2015, bitigeze bigezwa ku baturage ngo babimenye kandi bikarangira Komisiyo y’Amatora ivuze ko 98% by’abo baturage byemeje ko iryo Tegeko Nshinga rivugururwa mu gihe indorerezi z’imbere mu gihugu cyangwa izavuye hanze zitabashije kubigenzura.

–  Ku birebana no kwishyira ukizana kw’amashyaka menshi, raporo itanga amanota 2/16, ku kureba niba abaturage bibumbira mu mashyaka yabo kandi bagahabwa amahirwe yo kujya mu mashyaka batabogamye, raporo itanga inota 1/4.

– Ku kuba Oposisiyo ifite urubuga n’amahirwe yo kwaguka ikagera ku butegetsi binyuze mu matora, raporo itanda 0/4, ku kuba abaturage bafite ubwisanzure mu mahitamo yabo badashyizweho igitutu cy’igisirikare cy’imbaraga ziva hanze y’igihugu, cy’amadini runaka, cy’abakungahaye mu bukungu cyangwa indi mitwe yose idafite aho ihuriye n’ibiranga Demokarasi, iyi raporo itanga 0/4.

Aha raporo ivuga ko abaturage b’imbere mu gihugu bashyirwaho igitutu cy’abo bari butore ndetse n’abahunze igihugu iyo leta imenye ko bayivuga nabi itazuyaza ku kubatera ubwoba, bakarigiswa ndetse bakanicwa.

– Ku kuba ibyiciro byose by’abaturage uhereye ku myizerere, igitsina, ku babana bahuje igitsina ndetse n’andi matsinda afite uburenganzira mu bya politike no mu gupiganwa mu matora, iyi raporo itanga inota 1/4, ivuga ko nubwo Perezida wa Repubulika asabwa kuzirikana uburinganire hitabwa ku bakomoka muri rubanda nyamucye igihe yashyiraho bamwe mu ba-Senateri ariko kuba ikibazo cy’amoko cyaraciwe mu Rwanda, raporo isanga bigoranye kugira ngo abo ba rubanda rwa giseseka na bo bazazirikanwe mu buryo butomoye, Iyi raporo ivuga ko nubwo uburinganire bw’umubare w’abagore wazamutse mu Nteko bigoranye kugira ngo bakorere mu bwisanzure batanyuze mu nzego za RPF.

– Ku kuba abayobozi muri Guverinoma n’abatowe bagira uruhare mu kugena ingamba n’amabwiriza ya Guverinoma, raporo itanga 1/4, raporo itanga uburyo hagenwa imikorere ya Guverinoma bushyirwaho n’inzego z’umutekano hamwe n’iz’ubutasi. Inteko Ishiga Amategeko, raporo ivuga ko itigenga ahubwo ishyira mu bikorwa ibyifuzo bya Perezida.

– Ku birebana n’ingamba zo kurwanya ruswa mu bayobozi, raporo itanga amanota 2/4 ahangaha raporo ivuga ko yashyize imbaraga mu kurwanya ruswa nkaho Perezida Kagame yirukanye mu kwezi kwa munani mu mwaka wa 2018 abakozi bagera kuri 20 bo muri Minisiteri y’Ubuzima kubera kurigisa no gucunga nabi umutungo.

– Ku birebana niba Guverinoma ikorera ahabona kandi mu mucyo, iyi raporo itanga amanota 2/4, aha raporo ivuga ko nubwo leta yashyize urubuga kuri murandasi rwitwa ’Sobanukirwa’ mu burwo bwo korohereza abantu gusaba no kubona ibyangombwa binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga, raporo ivuga ko hakiri ikibazo cyo kwihutisha ubwo buryo kuko agace gato kabisaba, ari bo babona igisubizo cyiza kandi ku gihe cyagenwe.

– Ku birebana n’uburenganzira bw’abaturage ku kumenya niba hari itangazamakuru ryigenga, iyi raporo itanga amanota 0/4, aha iyi raporo ivuga ko uburyo Guverinoma icunga ibivuye mu itangazamakuru, igakomeza ivuga ko hari abanyamakuru bake kandi bakorera mu bwigenge, aha anatanga urugero kuri rya tegeko rishya rihana abashushanya abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu, aha iyi raporo ikanakomeza ivuga ko abanyamakuru benshi bahunze igihugu bakaba bakorera hanze, aha kandi raporo itanga urugero ko ibinyamakuru bimwe na bimwe byo hanze byangiwe gukorera mu Rwanda harimo nka BBC, ishami ry’Ikinyarwanda ryahagaritse kuva mu mwaka wa 2014.

– Ku kuba abaturage baba bafite uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza mu ruhame cyangwa mu muhezo imyemerere yabo yo kwizera Imana cyangwa kutayizera, raporo itanga amanota 2/4, aha raporo itunga agatoki leta ivuga ko yagerageje kugenzura amadini ubwo mu 2018 yibasiraga amwe muri ayo madini ikayafunga harimo agera ku 8000 yiganjemo ay’Abapentecotiste, raporo inagaruka ku byemezo Inteko yafashe byo gusaba Abapasiteri bigisha mu nsengero kugira Impamyabushobozi muri Theologie.

Raporo inakomoza ku bahamya ba Yehova bajya bafungwa bazira kutitabira ibikorwa by’umutekano cyangwa se ibikorwa bisaba kurahirira imbere y’Ibendera.

– Ku kuba hari ubwisanzure mu mashuri no kuba imyigishirize itinjirwa n’icengezamatwara rya politike, raporo itanga inota 1/4, raporo ivuga ko leta yashyizeho amategeko akarishye adaha ubwisanzure bw’ibitekerezo abanyeshuri cyane cyane ku birebana na Genocide cyangwa se izindi ngingo ziremereye kuvuga, abanyuranyije n’uburyo leta ibona ibyo bintu, baregwa Ingengabitekerezo bikaba byabaviramo no kwirukanwa.

– Ku kuba abantu bafite ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga ibyo batekereza mu bya politike ku nsanganyamatsiko zifite uburemere badafite ubwoba bw’uko bagenzurwa cyangwa se babizizwa, ahangaha raporo itanga amanota 0/4, aha raporo ivuga ko ubwisanzure buzitirwa nuko leta igenzura ibyo abantu baganira hagati yabo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse leta ikaba inashyira intasi hagati mu baturage bituma batisanzura mu byo batekereza.

Raporo inagaruka ku burenganzira bw’amashyirahamwe ku kuba hari uburenganzira bwo kwigaragambya, ahangaha raporo itanga amanota 0/4, raporo ivuga ko nubwo Itegeko Nshinga ryemerera abantu kuba bakwishyira hamwe ariko mu bikorwa biragoranye cyane cyane iyo ubonye abigaragambya bakunda guhura n’akaga.

Raporo itanga urugero rw’impunzi z’Abanye-Kongo bo mu Nkambi ya Kiziba bamishweho urufaya rw’amasasu igihe bagiye mu muhanda basaba ubufasha, iki gikorwa cyaguyemo abarenga 11, hanyuma abandi bagera kuri 65 bagafungwa bazira ko bakoze ibikorwa by’urugomo.

Muri iyo myigaragambyo na n’ubu bakaba bagitegereje urubanza rwabo mu gihe kandi ku rundi ruhande nta genzura ryigeze rikorwa ngo rigaragaze niba Polisi itarakoresheje imbaraga z’umurengera muri iyo myigaragambyo.

– Ku kuba hari uburenganzira bw’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta cyane cyane ikora ibijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, raporo itanga inota 1/4, aha raporo ivuga ko kwiyandikisha muri RGB (Urwego rw’Imiyoborere) kw’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta bihenze kandi ko hari imiryango imwe n’imwe y’imbere mu gihugu ibeshwaho n’inkunga ya RGB bigatuma idakora yisanzuye kuko iba yikanga ko idakoze ibishakwa n’uru rwego yakwimwa iyi nkunga, ibi raporo ikabona bibangamiye imikorere yayo mu bwisanzure leta kandi yakomeje kuregwa kugerageza gucengera mu miryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu myaka yashize.

– Ku kuba hari uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe ku bahuje umwuga cyangwa amasendika y’abakozi, raporo itanga inota 1/4, raporo aha ivuga ko imiryango minini ihuza abantu ifitanye isano rya hafi na FPR, iba idatanga icyizere ko idakorera mu bwisanzure.

Ku bijyanye n’imyubahirize y’amategeko na byo raporo ibikomozaho.

– Ku kuba hari ubutabera bwigenga, raporo itanga amanota 0/4, hano raporo ivuga ko abacamanza benshi bashyirwaho na Perezida wa Repubulika nyuma bakemezwa na Sena yiganjemo n’abayamuryango ba FPR hakaba ari yo mpamvu ibyemezo byinshi bifatwa n’inkiko ahanini bijya ku ruhande rw’inyungu za Guverinema.

– Ku birebana no kubahiriza inzira zose zigenwa n’amategeko ku bagejejwe mu nzego z’ubutabera mpanabyaha, raporo itanga inota 1/4, aha bavuga amakosa yo gufata abantu bitubahije n’amategeko bigatuma bafungirwa ahantu hatazwi, kwibasira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ndetse n’abitwa ba mayibobo cyangwa abajura baciriritse, raporo inakomeza itanga urugero rwa Human Right Wacht muri raporo yayo ya 2017 yagaragaje uburyo bamwe mu bafashwe bakorewe iyicarubozo kugira ngo bemere ibyaha batakoze hanyuma inkiko zikabiheraho zibacira imanza kandi abenshi mura bo baba baregwa gufatanya n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro cyangwa bari mu mashyaka ya Opozisiyo.

– Ku kuba hariho kubahiriza amategeko mu kudakoresha imbaraga zirenze urugero mu gihe cyo kubahiriza uburenganzira mu gihe cy’intambara cyangwa ubushyamirane, raporo itanga amanota 0/4, aha raporo igaruka ku bikorwa by’iyicarubozo rikorerwa imfungwa za politike cyangwa abandi banyabyaha no kubafungira ahantu hatemewe, hakaba havugwa n’iyicwa ry’imfungwa zimwe na zimwe bikozwe n’abashinzwe kubacungira umutekano.

Aha raporo inagaruka ku ntumwa za Komite y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yita ku bibazo byo kwirinda iyicarubozo zasubitse urugendo rwazo mu Rwanda mu kwezi kwa Karindwi 2018 nyuma yaho leta yanze kubaha ubufasha mu mikorere yabo.

– Ku kuba amategeko aha uburenganzira bungana abaturage bose imbere y’amategeko, raporo itanga inota 1/4, nubwo amategeko aha uburenganzira abaturage bose, raporo ivuga ko bamwe mu bakomeye mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi ari bo babona imyanya ikomeye mu tuzi twa leta no mu guhabwa amashuri biciye muri programe yo kurengera abarokotse Genocide, Ibyo bita ’Firimative Action program Genocide for Survival’.

Aha kandi iyi raporo ivuga ko nta tegeko rirengera ababana bahuje ibitsina baba abagabo cyangwa abagore hakaba kandi ngo nta tegeko rihana uburaya rirashyirwaho mu Rwanda.

– Ku birebana no kwigenga kwa muntu ku burenganzira bwe, ku kuba abantu baba bafite uburenganzira bwo kujya aho bashaka no gutura aho bashaka no gukorera aho bashaka cyangwa kwiga aho bashaka, aha raporo itanga amanota 2/4, aha raporo inavuga uburyo abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye z’igihugu bagomba gusaba uburenganzira kwa Minisitiri wIntebe cyangwa kwa Perezida wa Repuburika iyo bashaka kugira aho bajya baba bagiye mu nzinduko zabo bwite.

- Ku kuba baba bafite uburenganzira ku mutungo mu gukora ubucuruzi hataje kwivanga kwa Leta cyangwa se abandi bantu badafite aho bahuriye na Leta, iyi raporo itanga amanota 2/4, aha raporo itunga agatoki kuri Leta ko yagiye ifata ubutaka bw’abaturage aho yagiye ishaka gushyira ibikorwa byayo nyuma ntitange ingurane ikwiye, ikanongeraho kuba Leta yaragiye iha amategeko abaturage yo guhinga igihingwa kimwe mu gihe Leta nta bundi bufasha iba yabahaye bwo kubagoboka.

– Ku kuba abantu bafite uburenganzira mu mibereho yabo harimo no gushyingirwa cyangwa umubare w’abana, kwirinda ihohoterwa cyangwa amakimbirane mu miryango, raporo itanga amanota 2/4, aha raporo ivuga ko hakirimo ibikorwa by’ubushyamirane mu miryango nubwo Leta igerageza kubirwanya, raporo ikanavuga ko itegeko ryavuguruwe mpanabyaha mu 2018, ryakuyeho ububasha umucamanza mu kugena niba inda ikwiye gukurwamo, ibyo bikaba bisigaye mu maboko y’umurwayi cyangwa muganga.

– Ku kuba abantu baba bafite amahirwe angana mu bikorwa bibyara inyungu, raporo itanga inota 1/4, raporo ivuga ko nubwo u Rwanda rwashyize ingufu mu kurwanya icuruzwa ry’abakobwa bajyanwa hanze mu bikorwa by’ubusambanyi ariko imbere mu gihugu iki kibazo kigikomeje ko hari abana bato bagishorwa mu buraya harimo na benshi bakurwa mu mpunzi z’Abarundi niz’Abanye-Kongo abandi bana bagakoreshwa imirimo y’agahato mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi ndetse hakaba hari n’aho Leta y’u Rwanda ijyana ku ngufu mu bikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishyigikiye abana ikuye mu mpunzi z’Abanye-Kongo n’iz’Abarundi.

Muri rusange ngibyo bakunzi b’ikinyamakuru UMUBAVU ibikubiye muri Raporo ya ’FREEDOM IN THE WORLD YA 2019’, amanota yose muri rusange u Rwanda rwabonye ni amanota 22/100 akaba ari yo mpamvu rwashyizwe mu bihugu bidafite ubwisanzure (Not Free) ari na cyo cyiciro cya nyuma.

Ibi rero bikaba bihuje n’ibikunze kuvugwa na bamwe ko ibintu bikwiye guhinduka abantu bakabona ubwisanzure, bakabona uburenganzira bwabo, bakabona amahoro.

Iyi raporo mu buryo burambuye wayisoma hano: https://freedomhouse.org/country/rwanda/freedom-world/2020

Nkuko Perezida yavuze ko ntawasenya Convention, nibahe agaciro imitungo yacu kuko natwe ni zo Convention zacu, bazaze badupime niba turi abasazi:

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